JUUL (vs combustible cigarette when available) nicotine pharmacokinetics
| Author, year, product, flavour and protocol | Sample (N) | # puffs or time (mins) | Tmax (mins) | Cmax baseline adj (ng/mL) | Cmax ratio (JUUL/Cig) | AUCtime baseline adj (ng.hour/mL) | AUC ratio (JUUL/Cig) |
| Wynne 2018* 23 | N=24 smokers | 15 min | |||||
| JUUL Virginia tob. fixed | 10 | 6.5±3.8 | 15.4±6.9 | 77% | 2.4±1.0 | 86% | |
| New Zealand Pall Mall fixed | 10 | 7.5±3.6 | 20.1±12.1 | 2.8±1.2 | |||
| JUUL Virginia tob. ad lib | 4.5 min | 5.5±2.4 | 18.8±10.7 | 81% | 2.6±1.3 | 76% | |
| New Zealand Pall Mall ad lib | 4.5 min | 6.8±3.3 | 23.2±16.0 | 3.4±1.8 | |||
| Yingst 201943 | N=5 JUUL users† | ||||||
| JUUL mango, menthol fixed | 30 | 8.4±1.7 | 31.0±8.7 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Hajek 202044 | N=20 dual users† | 30 min | |||||
| JUUL Virginia tob. ad lib | 5 min | 4 (2–6)Md | 20.4±15.0 | 106% | 5.1±2.9 | 98% | |
| Cigarettes usual brand ad lib | 5 min | 6 (4–8) Md | 19.2±17.6 | 5.2±3.1 | |||
| Goldenson 2020* 21 | N=66 smokers without prior JUUL use | 30 min | |||||
| JUUL Virginia tob. fixed | 10 | 6 | 7.5 | 58% | 2.5±1.2 | 54% | |
| JUUL mint fixed | 10 | 6 | 7.4 | 57% | 2.5±1.3 | 54% | |
| JUUL crème fixed | 10 | 6 | 5.7 | 44% | 1.9±1.1 | 41% | |
| JUUL mango fixed | 10 | 6 | 7.7 | 60% | 2.7±1.2 | 59% | |
| Cigarettes usual brand fixed | 10 | 6 | 12.9 | 4.6±2.3 | |||
| Buchhalter 2020* 45 | N=25 smokers | 60 min | |||||
| JUUL Virginia tob. fixed | 10 | 5.2±1.9 | 14.2±7.3 | 67% | 5.0±2.2 | 65% | |
| Marlboro Red standard | 10 | 6.7±5.1 | 21.2±11.7 | 7.7±3.6 | |||
| JUUL Virginia tob. ad lib | 4.5 min | 4.9±2.2 | 17.4±10.0 | 62% | 5.8±2.7 | 59% | |
| Marlboro Red cigarettes ad lib | 4.5 min | 5.8±1.4 | 27.9±19.6 | 9.8±5.7 | |||
| Goldenson 202025 * | N=24 smokers | 60 min | |||||
| 5% JUUL Virginia tob. fixed | 10 | 6.2±2.4 | 10.6±5.6 | 60% | 5.2±1.5 | 58% | |
| 1.5% JUUL Virginia tob. fixed | 10 | 6.3±1.6 | 3.8±2.3 | 22% | 1.8±0.6 | 20% | |
| Cigarettes usual brand fixed | 10 | 7.8±5.0 | 17.6±8.7 | 8.9±2.7 | |||
| 5% JUUL Virginia tob. ad lib | 5 min | 6.4±2.0 | 8.8±3.2 | 42% | 4.8±1.5 | 49% | |
| 1.5% JUULEU tobacco ad lib | 5 min | 6.5±2.2 | 3.8±1.8 | 18% | 1.9±0.7 | 20% | |
| Cigarettes usual brand ad lib | 5 min | 6.7±1.7 | 20.9±11.3 | 9.7±3.5 | |||
| Goldenson 2020* 22 | N=146 smokers without prior JUUL use | 60 min | |||||
| 5% JUUL four flavours‡ ad lib | 5 min | 6.2Md | 9.9±8.3 | 46% | 4.5±3.1 | 45% | |
| 3% JUUL four flavours‡ ad lib | 5 min | 6.0Md | 7.4±6.9 | 34% | 3.3±2.4 | 33% | |
| Cigarettes usual brand ad lib | 5 min | 6.2Md | 21.7±13.6 | 10.0±4.8 | |||
| Phillips-Waller 202024 | N=18 dual users† | 30 min§ | |||||
| 5% JUUL Virginia tob. ad lib | 5 min | 4 (2–6)Md | 21.1 (9.9–36.3)Md | 164% | 11.9±5.8 | 109% | |
| 1.7% JUULEU Golden tob. ad lib | 5 min | 6 (4–8)Md | 3.8 (2.5–7.5)Md | 29% | 2.6±1.0 | 24% | |
| Cigarettes usual brand ad lib | 5 min | 5 (4–8)Md | 12.9 (8.0–35.6)Md | 10.8±7.0 |
All tested JUULpods are 5% strength and US products, unless otherwise indicated.
*Industry-funded study.
†Participants abstained from smoking and vaping overnight or longer prior to participating.
‡Flavours tested: Mango, Cool Mint, Menthol, Virginia Tobacco.
§Not baseline adjusted and calculated on n=14 because blood samples not collected for 4 of the 18 participants.
AUC, area under the curve; Md, median, interquartile range reported.