High-income | Low-income | Difference | Student’s t-statistic* | |
Entire sample | ||||
Consumption (cigarettes per week) | 5.54 | 5.60 | −0.06 | −0.18 |
Price (thous. VND) | 12.62 | 10.54 | 2.08 | 8.27 |
Price relative to income (× 1000) | 1.73 | 7.27 | −5.54 | −6.53 |
Smoker income (mil. VND) | 8.67 | 2.45 | 6.22 | 15.65 |
Income share on cigarettes (%) | 4.28 | 14.19 | −9.91 | −21.54 |
Household income (mil. VND) | 15.44 | 8.01 | 7.43 | 6.82 |
Household income share on cigarettes (%) | 2.73 | 5.30 | −2.57 | −13.65 |
Price elasticity | 2.24 | 2.50 | −0.25 | −3.08 |
No observation | 1045 | 1049 | ||
Most popular brand | ||||
Consumption (cigarettes per week) | 5.10 | 4.79 | 0.31 | 0.55 |
Price (thous. VND) | 9.70 | 9.71 | −0.01 | −0.10 |
Price relative to income (× 1000) | 1.42 | 6.34 | −4.92 | −5.47 |
Smoker income (mil. VND) | 8.21 | 2.44 | 5.77 | 35.73 |
Income share on cigarettes (%) | 3.51 | 12.56 | −9.05 | −7.39 |
Household income (mil. VND) | 15.34 | 8.57 | 6.77 | 10.94 |
Household income share on cigarettes (%) | 2.03 | 4.19 | −2.17 | −17.89 |
Price elasticity | 1.47 | 2.45 | −0.98 | −2.75 |
No observation | 217 | 226 | ||
All other brands | ||||
Consumption (cigarettes per week) | 5.76 | 5.90 | −0.14 | −0.50 |
Price (thous. VND) | 14.06 | 10.86 | 3.21 | 8.15 |
Price relative to income (× 1000) | 1.88 | 7.66 | −5.77 | −4.73 |
Smoker income (mil. VND) | 8.90 | 2.45 | 6.45 | 12.66 |
Income share on cigarettes (%) | 4.66 | 14.87 | −10.21 | −16.35 |
Household income (mil. VND) | 15.50 | 7.80 | 7.70 | 4.26 |
Household income share on cigarettes (%) | 3.07 | 5.73 | −2.66 | −10.36 |
Price elasticity | 2.63 | 2.52 | 0.10 | 0.65 |
No observation | 820 | 815 |
*Null hypothesis of the Student’s t-statistics for each variable is H0: mean (high-income)−mean (low-income)=0.
mil., million; thous., thousand; VND, Vietnamese Dong.