Direct cost of smoking-attributable diseases in Indonesia in 2019 (Rp billion), by using different RRs
| Description | Total population | Population 20+ | ||
| RR India | RR USA | RR India | RR USA | |
| Medical treatment of BPJS-K | 10 510 | 15 582 | 10 409 | 15 165 |
| 9206 | 13 446 | 9128 | 13 123 |
| 1303 | 2136 | 1281 | 2042 |
| Medical treatment of non-BPJS-K (SUSENAS)* | 434 | 749 | 421 | 694 |
| OOP cost (SUSENAS) | 4733 | 7664 | 4652 | 7327 |
| Transportation cost (SUSENAS)† | 2245 | 3674 | 2195 | 3469 |
| Total direct health cost | 17 922 | 27 670 | 17 678 | 26 655 |
Source: authors’ calculation.
*Medical treatment of non-BPJS-K is defined as any medical expenditure financed by private insurance.
†Data from the 2018 SUSENAS were used to estimate transportation expenditures in 2019 due to a revision of the questions in the 2019 SUSENAS.
BPJS-K, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan; OOP, out of pocket; RR, relative risk; SUSENAS, Survei Sosial-Ekonomi Nasional.