Participant characteristics at baseline by e-cigarette sales restriction (ESR) policy categories among baseline e-cigarette users (18–21 years; N=435)
| ESR policy category 1* | ESR policy category 2† | ||||||
| All participants | Without ESRs | With any ESRs | P valueठ| With flavoured ESRs | With comprehensive ESRs | P valueठ| |
| N=435 | N=263 | N=172 | N=112 | N=60 | |||
| 60.5% | 39.5% | 25.7% | 13.8% | ||||
| Age | 0.504 | 0.032 | |||||
| 18 and 19 | 77.2% | 61.1% | 38.7% | 23.2% | 15.5% | ||
| 20 and 21 | 22.8% | 57.6% | 42.4% | 34.3% | 8.1% | ||
| Gender | 0.685 | 0.550 | |||||
| Female | 48.4% | 60.2% | 39.8% | 24.6% | 15.2% | ||
| Male | 45.8% | 61.8% | 38.2% | 26.6% | 11.6% | ||
| Other¶ | 5.8% | 52.0% | 48.0% | 26.6% | 11.6% | ||
| Sexual orientation | 0.029 | 0.150 | |||||
| Heterosexual | 78.0% | 58.4% | 41.6% | 28.4% | 13.1% | ||
| Other orientations** | 22.0% | 70.0% | 30.0% | 15.6% | 14.4% | ||
| Race and ethnicity | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||
| Hispanic | 49.2% | 73.8% | 26.2% | 21.0% | 5.1% | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 15.6% | 38.2% | 61.8% | 55.9% | 5.9% | ||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 18.2% | 53.2% | 46.8% | 12.7% | 34.2% | ||
| Non-Hispanic other†† | 17.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 25.7% | 24.3% | ||
| Education level | 0.227 | 0.100 | |||||
| ≤High school | 38.8% | 64.5% | 35.5% | 20.1% | 15.4% | ||
| ≥Some college | 55.7% | 58.6% | 41.4% | 29.3% | 12.1% | ||
| Undetermined | 5.5% | 54.2% | 45.8% | 25.0% | 20.8% | ||
| Subjective financial status | 0.252 | 0.248 | |||||
| <Living comfortably‡‡ | 48.5% | 64.5% | 36.5% | 25.6% | 16.4% | ||
| Living comfortably | 44.8% | 57.9% | 42.1% | 25.6% | 10.9% | ||
| Undetermined | 6.7% | 55.2% | 44.8% | 27.6% | 17.2% | ||
| Current e-cigarette dependence | 0.918 | 0.977 | |||||
| Yes | 34.4% | 61.2% | 38.8% | 25.2% | 13.6% | ||
| No | 65.6% | 60.7% | 39.3% | 26.1% | 13.2% | ||
| Current e-cigarette use frequency | 0.332 | 0.317 | |||||
| 1–2 days | 35.6% | 60.0% | 40.0% | 29.0% | 11.0% | ||
| 3–9 days | 26.9% | 65.8% | 34.2% | 16.9% | 11.3% | ||
| 10–30 days | 37.5% | 57.1% | 42.9% | 28.3% | 15.2% | ||
| Current cigarette smoking | 0.180 | 0.186 | |||||
| Yes | 20.7% | 54.4% | 45.6% | 33.3% | 12.2% | ||
| No | 79.3% | 62.2% | 37.8% | 23.8% | 14.0% | ||
| Continued e-cigarette use | 0.018 | 0.005 | |||||
| Yes | 43.5% | 52.9% | 47.1% | 30.2% | 16.9% | ||
| No | 56.5% | 66.3% | 33.7% | 22.4% | 11.4% | ||
*ESR policy category 1 has two groups: without ESRs and with any ESRs (including flavoured or comprehensive ESRs).
†ESR policy category 2 has three groups: without ESRs, with flavoured ESR and with comprehensive ESRs.
‡Bolded text indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
§Post-hoc analysis was conducted to examine within-group differences if between-group difference was significant.
¶‘Other’ category for gender includes those who did not report or gender other than female or male.
**‘Other’ category for sexual orientation includes asexual, bisexual, gay, lesbian, pansexual, queer, questioning or unsure, and other identities.
††‘Other’ category for race/ethnicity includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islanders.
‡‡<Living comfortably category includes met needs with a little left, just meet basic expenses and do not meet basic expenses.