Associations between living in e-cigarette sales restriction (ESR) localities at baseline and e-cigarette use at follow-up, stratified by cigarette smoking at baseline, among non-e-cigarette users (18–21 years; N=1665)
| E-cigarette use at follow-up*† | ||||
| All participants | Non-cigarette smokers | All participants | Non-cigarette smokers | |
| N=1665 | N=1626 | N=1665 | N=1626 | |
| ESR policy category 1 | ||||
| Without ESRs | Reference | Reference | Not applicable | |
| With any ESRs | 0.84 (0.56 to 1.26) | 0.92 (0.60 to 1.39) | ||
| ESR policy category 2 | ||||
| Without ESR | Not applicable | Reference | Reference | |
| With flavoured ESRs | 0.71 (0.43 to 1.17) | 0.74 (0.44 to 1.23) | ||
| With comprehensive ESRs | 1.08 (0.61 to 1.94) | 1.31 (0.72 to 2.35) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 18 and 19 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 20 and 21 | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.37) | 0.93 (0.60 to 1.43) | 0.91 (0.60 to 1.38) | 0.94 (0.61 to 1.45) |
| Gender‡ | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 1.29 (0.89 to 1.83) | 1.32 (0.91 to 1.67) | 1.28 (0.89 to 1.85) | 1.33 (0.92 to 1.93) |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Heterosexual | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Other§ | 1.16 (0.74 to 1.82) | 1.03 (0.64 to 1.67) | 1.15 (0.74 to 1.82) | 1.04 (0.64 to 1.67) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.98) | 1.24 (0.67 to 2.35) | 1.10 (0.60 to 2.00) | 1.18 (0.53 to 2.22) |
| Non-Hispanic white | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 0.71 (0.33 to 1.49) | 0.70 (0.32 to 1.53) | 0.59 (0.27 to 1.32) | 0.55 (0.24 to 1.27) |
| Non-Hispanic other¶ | 1.58 (0.78 to 3.20) | 1.63 (0.78 to 3.41) | 1.44 (0.70 to 2.96) | 1.44 (0.68 to 3.07) |
| Education level‡ | ||||
| ≤High school | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥Some college | 1.36 (0.94 to 1.98) | 1.39 (0.94 to 2.05) | 1.35 (0.93 to 1.97) | 1.38 (0.94 to 2.04) |
| Subjective financial status‡ | ||||
| <Living comfortably** | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Living comfortably | 1.08 (0.75 to 1.54) | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.45) | 0.89 (0.58 to 1.37) | 0.84 (0.51 to 1.37) |
| Current cigarette smoking | ||||
| Yes | 4.27 (2.03 to 9.02) | Not applicable | 4.18 (1.97 to 8.84) | Not applicable |
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
*Bolded text indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
†Cigarette smoker group was omitted from statistical analysis due to small sample size (n=39).
‡‘Other’ or ‘undetermined’ categories for gender, education level and subjective financial status were omitted due to small cells and wide CIs.
§‘Other’ category for sexual orientation includes asexual, bisexual, gay, lesbian, pansexual, queer, questioning or unsure, and other identities.
¶‘Other’ category for race/ethnicity includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islanders.
**‘Other’ category for subjective financial situation includes met needs with a little left, just meet basic expenses and do not meet basic expenses.