Neighbourhood correlates of the presence of menthol/non-menthol cigarette advertising and price: California, 2018
| Menthol cigarettes advertised, among stores that sold cigarettes (n=1115) | Non-menthol cigarettes advertised, among stores that sold cigarettes (n=1115) | Newport menthol price (n=944) | Marlboro non-menthol price (n=1083) | |||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | Coef. | 95% CI | Coef. | 95% CI | |
| Constant | 0.89 | 2.00 | 8.86 | 8.77 | ||||
| Store type | ||||||||
| Convenience store* | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Liquor store | 0.38 | 0.26 to 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.43 to 0.98 | 0.28 | 0.12 to 0.44 | 0.26 | 0.12 to 0.40 |
| Pharmacy | 2.92 | 1.20 to 7.09 | 0.38 | 0.21 to 0.68 | 0.00 | −0.23 to 0.24 | −0.35 | −0.57 to 0.14 |
| Small market | 0.17 | 0.10 to 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.16 to 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.36 to 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.16 to 0.52 |
| Supermarket | 0.59 | 0.37 to 0.93 | 0.24 | 0.16 to 0.38 | 1.36 | 1.17 to 1.56 | 0.19 | 0.02 to 0.35 |
| Tobacco/head shops | 1.16 | 0.67 to 2.02 | 1.54 | 0.81 to 2.92 | 0.02 | −0.18 to 0.22 | −0.24 | −0.42 to 0.07 |
| Discount/other | 0.28 | 0.15 to 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.11 to 0.35 | 0.24 | −0.06 to 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.19 to 0.64 |
| Race/ethnicity, %, quartile 1 is the referent category | ||||||||
| Black | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (1.09%–2.77%) | 1.03 | 0.70 to 1.52 | 0.93 | 0.62 to 1.40 | −0.11 | −0.27 to 0.06 | −0.12 | −0.26 to 0.02 |
| Quartile 3 (2.78%–6.47%) | 1.51 | 1.00 to 2.28 | 1.47 | 0.95 to 2.26 | −0.22 | −0.39 to to 0.06 | −0.09 | −0.23 to 0.05 |
| Quartile 4 (6.48%–74.88%) | 1.86 | 1.20 to 2.87 | 0.98 | 0.64 to 1.52 | −0.25 | −0.42 to to 0.08 | −0.07 | −0.22 to 0.08 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (3.10%–7.56%) | 1.23 | 0.82 to 1.84 | 0.87 | 0.57 to 1.31 | 0.09 | −0.07 to 0.25 | 0.10 | −0.04 to 0.24 |
| Quartile 3 (7.57%–15.37%) | 1.03 | 0.67 to 1.57 | 0.89 | 0.57 to 1.37 | 0.18 | 0.01 to 0.35 | 0.11 | −0.04 to 0.25 |
| Quartile 4 (15.38%–79.80%) | 0.97 | 0.63 to 1.49 | 0.79 | 0.51 to 1.24 | 0.11 | −0.06 to 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.04 to 0.34 |
| Other/AIAN/multiracial | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (1.83%–3.14%) | 1.29 | 0.83 to 2.01 | 1.25 | 0.79 to 1.97 | −0.08 | −0.25 to 0.10 | 0.00 | −0.15 to 0.15 |
| Quartile 3 (3.15%–4.55%) | 1.08 | 0.67 to 1.75 | 1.19 | 0.72 to 1.96 | 0.04 | −0.15 to 0.23 | 0.01 | −0.16 to 0.17 |
| Quartile 4 (4.56%–25.51%) | 0.99 | 0.59 to 1.65 | 1.01 | 0.60 to 1.70 | −0.04 | −0.25 to 0.16 | 0.00 | −0.18 to 0.17 |
| Hispanic | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (19.44%–35.34%) | 1.05 | 0.69 to 1.60 | 1.02 | 0.66 to 1.57 | −0.07 | −0.24 to 0.10 | −0.15 | −0.29 to 0.00 |
| Quartile 3 (35.35%–58.86%) | 0.75 | 0.45 to 1.25 | 0.78 | 0.46 to 1.31 | −0.04 | −0.24 to 0.16 | −0.11 | −0.29 to 0.06 |
| Quartile 4 (58.87%–98.52%) | 0.56 | 0.29 to 1.08 | 0.66 | 0.34 to 1.30 | −0.14 | −0.40 to 0.12 | −0.11 | −0.33 to 0.12 |
| Age, %, quartile 1 is the referent category | ||||||||
| School-age youth, 5–17 years | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (14.07%–16.90%) | 2.47 | 1.65 to 3.71 | 1.77 | 1.17 to 2.66 | −0.21 | −0.37 to to 0.05 | −0.16 | −0.30 to to 0.02 |
| Quartile 3 (16.91%–20.15%) | 2.06 | 1.35 to 3.12 | 1.81 | 1.18 to 2.78 | −0.20 | −0.37 to to 0.04 | −0.23 | −0.38 to to 0.09 |
| Quartile 4 (20.16%–30.04%) | 3.06 | 1.88 to 4.99 | 2.60 | 1.58 to 4.27 | −0.13 | −0.31 to 0.06 | −0.15 | −0.31 to 0.02 |
| Young adult, 18–24 years | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (7.85%–9.93%) | 1.62 | 1.08 to 2.44 | 1.49 | 0.99 to 2.25 | −0.14 | −0.30 to 0.02 | −0.09 | −0.23 to 0.05 |
| Quartile 3 (9.94%–11.78%) | 1.82 | 1.14 to 2.89 | 1.96 | 1.22 to 3.16 | −0.15 | −0.33 to 0.04 | −0.19 | −0.35 to to 0.03 |
| Quartile 4 (11.79%–67.44%) | 1.82 | 1.13 to 2.93 | 2.01 | 1.23 to 3.27 | −0.20 | −0.39 to to 0.01 | −0.13 | −0.30 to 0.03 |
| Poverty, <185% FPL, %, quartile 1 is the referent category | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 (22.62%–35.31%) | 1.32 | 0.85 to 2.04 | 1.17 | 0.75 to 1.82 | −0.03 | −0.20 to 0.14 | −0.06 | −0.21 to 0.08 |
| Quartile 3 (35.32%–48.70%) | 0.93 | 0.58 to 1.49 | 0.79 | 0.49 to 1.28 | −0.05 | −0.24 to 0.13 | −0.03 | −0.19 to 0.13 |
| Quartile 4 (48.71%–83.69%) | 0.62 | 0.37 to 1.06 | 0.59 | 0.35 to 1.00 | 0.02 | −0.19 to 0.24 | −0.01 | −0.20 to 0.17 |
Race categories are non-Hispanic. Census measures quartiled based on entire study sample, n=1199. Price per single-pack purchase, excluding sales tax. Inter-rater reliability was kappa=0.46 and 0.63 for menthol and non-menthol advertising, respectively, and the intraclass correlations for prices were 0.76 for Newport and 0.80 for Marlboro.
Coefficients in bold are significant at p<0.05.
*Convenience stores do not sell uncooked meat (other than bacon). Small markets sell uncooked meat and/or produce and have fewer than three cash registers.
AIAN, American Indian Alaskan Native; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; FPL, federal poverty level.