Table 4

Associations between neighbourhood tobacco retail access measures and cognitive tobacco use risk factors, controlling for sociodemographic measures (n=1759: Mumbai=843, Kolkata=916)

Tobacco retail accessOR (95% CI)
Perceived ease of accessPerceived norms about peer useIntention to use tobacco
MumbaiKolkataMumbaiKolkataMumbaiKolkata
Retailer visit frequency index1.56** (1.20 to 2.02)0.458** (0.381 to 0.552)1.51** (1.18 to 1.93)1.97** (1.58 to 2.45)1.96** (1.52 to 2.54)0.870 (0.684 to 1.11)
Mapped tobacco retailer density
 Lowest tertileReferentReferentReferentReferentReferentReferent
 Middle tertile0.624 (0.339 to 1.15)2.01* (1.03 to 3.91)0.820 (0.391 to 1.72)1.29 (0.571 to 2.90)0.858 (0.396 to 1.86)1.21 (0.742 to 1.98)
 Highest tertile1.12 (0.687 to 1.83)0.780 (0.375 to 1.62)0.801 (0.420 to 1.53)0.824 (0.334 to 2.03)0.862 (0.443 to 1.68)0.769 (0.431 to 1.37)
Perceived tobacco retailer density near home
 NoneReferentReferentReferentReferentReferentReferent
 A few1.22 (0.617 to 2.41)0.345**(0.214 to 0.556)1.35 (0.804 to 2.26)4.05** (2.24 to 7.29)0.848 (0.461 to 1.56)0.948 (0.541 to 1.66)
 A lot1.91 (0.941 to 3.88)0.0963** (0.0568 to 0.163)2.06* (1.18 to 3.60)3.87** (2.04 to 7.34)1.18 (0.619 to 2.24)0.491* (0.246 to 0.983)
Perceived tobacco retailer density near school
 NoneReferentReferentReferentReferentReferentReferent
 A few0.961 (0.647 to 1.43)0.203** (0.124 to 0.330)1.46* (1.06 to 2.02)3.31** (1.64 to 6.66)1.21 (0.804 to 1.82)1.26 (0.625 to 2.56)
 A lot1.47 (0.883 to 2.44)0.635 (0.353 to 1.14)1.86** (1.17 to 2.95)10.1** (4.68 to 21.6)1.71* (1.01 to 2.89)1.42 (0.624 to 3.22)
  • *p<0.05; **p<0.01. We ran 24 regression models, one for each of the four measures of tobacco retail access and each of three psychological risk factors by each of the two cities. The models were adjusted for age, gender and religion, and accounted for sampling design and weights.