Group | N | Sample (%) | Prevalence of SHS exposure | OR (95% CI) |
Age (years) | ||||
<25 | 2110 | 15.1 | 30.6 | 1.00 |
25–34 | 3061 | 20.8 | 27.7 | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.08) |
35–44 | 2537 | 19.3 | 30.0 | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.22) |
45–54 | 1620 | 21.0 | 29.0 | 0.93 (0.68 to 1.28) |
55+ | 1878 | 25.5 | 24.8 | 0.75 (0.43 to 1.29) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 3747 | 28.6 | 50.0 | 1,00 |
Female | 7459 | 71.4 | 19.2 | 0.24 (0.08 to 0.69)** |
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 9776 | 89.7 | 30.0 | 1.00 |
Other | 1430 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 0.29 (0.09 to 0.95)* |
Education | ||||
Elementary school or less | 634 | 2.4 | 44.7 | 1.00 |
Junior high school | 2390 | 18.3 | 50.9 | 1.28 (0.66 to 2.47) |
High school | 4089 | 37.4 | 27.2 | 0.46 (0.21 to 1.02) |
Junior college or more | 4093 | 39.0 | 16.0 | 0.24 (0.09 to 0.63)** |
Occupation | ||||
Managers and clerks | 567 | 4.2 | 46.0 | 1.00 |
Professionals | 580 | 4.1 | 42.7 | 0.88 (0.51 to 1.51) |
Commerce and service | 1254 | 5.3 | 53.5 | 1.35 (0.76 to 2.40) |
Operations | 2811 | 22.5 | 45.9 | 0.97 (0.47 to 2.14) |
Students | 1210 | 24.7 | 14.6 | 0.20 (0.07 to 0.55)** |
Retired | 1841 | 8.5 | 15.6 | 0.22 (0.08 to 0.64)** |
Other | 4144 | 25. | 14.4 | 0.20 (0.06 to 0.65)** |
Income/person/year (¥*) | ||||
<10 000 | 1416 | 12.9 | 43.2 | 1.00 |
10 000–19 999 | 3130 | 29.8 | 42.9 | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.86) |
20 000–29 999 | 3103 | 26.1 | 29.1 | 0.54 (0.28 to 1.03) |
30 000–39 999 | 1413 | 14,6 | 10.5 | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.49)** |
40 000–49 999 | 990 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.45)** |
50 000+ | 1154 | 11.5 | 15.4 | 0.24 (0.08 to 0.74)** |
Exposure to tobacco advertising | ||||
No | 6561 | 54.0 | 18.1 | 1.00 |
Yes | 4645 | 46.0 | 44.5 | 3.89 (1.75 to 8.68)** |
Regional variables | ||||
Male % population | ||||
<50% | 2991 | 36.7 | 38.7 | 1.00 |
50%– | 2296 | 13.5 | 44.3 | 1.26 (0.64 to 2.45) |
51.5%+ | 5919 | 50.8 | 16.2 | 0.31 (0.10 to 0.96)* |
GDP | ||||
<2000 | 3205 | 10.2 | 46.7 | 1.00 |
2000–2999 | 3560 | 42.6 | 33.3 | 0.57 (0.23 to 1.40) |
3000+ | 4440 | 47.2 | 19.2 | 0.27 (0.09 to 0.80)* |
Cigarette production per unit population (100 million/10 000 persons) | ||||
<500 | 3909 | 26.7 | 27.8 | 1.00 |
500–999 | 4548 | 58.8 | 24.4 | 0.85 (0.74 to 1.03) |
1000+ | 2749 | 14.5 | 43.0 | 2.06 (1.80 to 2.35)** |
Cigarette production per unit GDP (pieces/¥100 GDP) | ||||
<5 | 4437 | 35.9 | 26.7 | 1.00 |
5–9 | 4205 | 52.9 | 23.6 | 0.79 (0.63 to 1.03) |
10+ | 2564 | 11.2 | 43.6 | 1.83 (1.31 to 2.55)** |
Tobacco retailer density (retailers/10 000persons) | ||||
<35 | 3273 | 46.7 | 26.2 | 1.00 |
35–39 | 2049 | 26.4 | 23.5 | 0.87 (0.41 to 1.88) |
40+ | 5884 | 27.0 | 36.0 | 1.60 (1.37 to 2.12)** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01.
†Chinese yuan=US$6.5.
GDP, gross domestic product ; SHS, secondhand smoke.