Table 1

Demographic characteristics, regional variables and SHS exposure of study participants

GroupNSample (%)Prevalence of SHS exposureOR (95% CI)
Age (years)
<25211015.130.61.00
25–34306120.827.70.87 (0.70 to 1.08)
35–44253719.330.00.97 (0.77 to 1.22)
45–54162021.029.00.93 (0.68 to 1.28)
55+187825.524.80.75 (0.43 to 1.29)
Gender
Male374728.650.01,00
Female745971.419.20.24 (0.08 to 0.69)**
Ethnicity
Han977689.730.01.00
Other143010.311.00.29 (0.09 to 0.95)*
Education
Elementary school or less6342.444.71.00
Junior high school239018.350.91.28 (0.66 to 2.47)
High school408937.427.20.46 (0.21 to 1.02)
Junior college or more409339.016.00.24 (0.09 to 0.63)**
Occupation
Managers and clerks5674.246.01.00
Professionals5804.142.70.88 (0.51 to 1.51)
Commerce and service12545.353.51.35 (0.76 to 2.40)
Operations281122.545.90.97 (0.47 to 2.14)
Students121024.714.60.20 (0.07 to 0.55)**
Retired18418.515.60.22 (0.08 to 0.64)**
Other414425.14.40.20 (0.06 to 0.65)**
Income/person/year (¥*)
<10 000141612.943.21.00
10 000–19 999313029.842.90.99 (0.53 to 1.86)
20 000–29 999310326.129.10.54 (0.28 to 1.03)
30 000–39 999141314,610.50.16 (0.05 to 0.49)**
40 000–49 99999010.29.50.14 (0.04 to 0.45)**
50 000+115411.515.40.24 (0.08 to 0.74)**
Exposure to tobacco advertising
No656154.018.11.00
Yes464546.044.53.89 (1.75 to 8.68)**
Regional variables
Male % population
<50%299136.738.71.00
50%–229613.544.31.26 (0.64 to 2.45)
51.5%+591950.816.20.31 (0.10 to 0.96)*
GDP
<2000320510.246.71.00
2000–2999356042.633.30.57 (0.23 to 1.40)
3000+444047.219.20.27 (0.09 to 0.80)*
Cigarette production per unit population (100 million/10 000 persons)
<500390926.727.81.00
500–999454858.824.40.85 (0.74 to 1.03)
1000+274914.543.02.06 (1.80 to 2.35)**
Cigarette production per unit GDP (pieces/¥100 GDP)
<5443735.926.71.00
5–9420552.923.60.79 (0.63 to 1.03)
10+256411.243.61.83 (1.31 to 2.55)**
Tobacco retailer density (retailers/10 000persons)
<35327346.726.21.00
35–39204926.423.50.87 (0.41 to 1.88)
40+588427.036.01.60 (1.37 to 2.12)**
  • *p<0.05; **p<0.01.

  • †Chinese yuan=US$6.5.

  • GDP, gross domestic product ; SHS, secondhand smoke.