Crude rates and adjusted associations between smoking cessation treatment and healthcare service use outcomes in Ontario, Canada, between 2011 and 2017, in matched treatment and control cohorts, overall and stratified by sex
| Outcome | Sex | Unadjusted mean±SD rate ppy | Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI) | |
| Treatment cohort | Control cohort | |||
| Outpatient visits | Overall | 7.52±10.26 | 6.73±8.42 | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.14) |
| Female | 8.03±10.06 | 7.44±8.40 | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.12) | |
| Male | 6.95±10.46 | 5.93±8.38 | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) | |
| ED visits | Overall | 1.03±1.78 | 0.88±1.67 | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) |
| Female | 1.06±1.77 | 0.95±1.72 | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) | |
| Male | 0.99±1.80 | 0.80±1.60 | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.20) | |
| Hospitalisations | Overall | 0.23±0.81 | 0.21±0.68 | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.18) |
| Female | 0.23±0.84 | 0.21±0.73 | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.19) | |
| Male | 0.24±0.78 | 0.20±0.63 | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.24) | |
Bolded rate ratios are significant at p<0.05.
ED, emergency department; ppy, per person year.