Characteristics of the study population in 32 WHO European region countries, ESPAD 2019
| Characteristics | Weighted % or mean | 95% CI |
| Ever use (%) | ||
| None | 48.8 | 44.5 to 53.1 |
| Exclusive e-cigarette | 10.6 | 9.0 to 12.5 |
| Exclusive cigarette | 13.3 | 11.1 to 15.9 |
| Dual use | 27.3 | 23.7 to 31.3 |
| Current use (%) | ||
| None | 74.6 | 71.5 to 77.4 |
| Exclusive e-cigarette | 6.0 | 4.9 to 7.3 |
| Exclusive cigarette | 13.0 | 11.1 to 15.1 |
| Dual use | 6.4 | 5.4 to 7.7 |
| Girls (%) | 50.8 | 50.2 to 51.4 |
| Parental college/high education in a family (%) | 64.6 | 59.4 to 69.5 |
| Perceived family’s financial well-being rating (from 0=very less to 6=very much better off) | 3.6 | 3.5 to 3.7 |
| Perceived difficulty of getting cigarettes rating (from 0=don’t know to 5=impossible), mean | 1.6 | 1.56 to 1.7 |
| World Bank country income group (%) | ||
| High-income economy | 78.3 | 57.4 to 90.6 |
| Middle-income economy | 21.7 | 9.4 to 42.6 |
Unweighted number of observations=98 758; number of countries=32.
ESPAD, European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs.