Table 1

Legislative and regulatory framework in Indonesia42

Level of governmentName of regulationAuthority
National legislature
(Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia)
National law
(Undang-Undang)
Comprised elected officials who are responsible for drafting and approving all national laws. These laws can only be overturned if found to contradict the Constitution or if superseded by a newer law.
President
(Presiden)
Presidential regulations (Peraturan Presiden)Elected by popular vote, may issue a regulation to establish a statute but cannot issue a regulation that contradicts existing law.
Cabinet
(Kabinet)
Government regulation (Peraturan Pemerintah)Appointed by the president. Multiple cabinet members (ie, ministers) can agree to issue a whole-of-government regulation. These regulations usually concern multiple ministries, both in terms of impact and responsibility for implementation.
Minister
(Menteri)
Ministerial regulation
(Peraturan Menteri)
A minister may issue a regulation to clarify implementation of laws falling under their purview.
Provincial legislature
(Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Propinsi)
Provincial regulation (Peraturan Daerah Propinsi)Made up of elected legislators who may enact laws applying within their province.
Governor
(Gubernur)
Gubernatorial regulation
(Peraturan Gubernur)
Directly elected by citizens, can issue regulations for implementation of existing national laws and policies within their province.
Regional legislature
(Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah)
District/city regulation (Peraturan Daerah)Made up of elected legislators, may enact laws that apply within their district/city.
Regent or mayor
(Bupati or Walikota)
Regency or mayoral regulation
(Peraturan Bupati or Walikota)
Directly elected by citizens, can issue regulations for implementation of existing national laws and policies within their district.