Characteristics of beaches users; smoke-free beaches project (Barcelona, 2021) (n=3751)
| Pre-intervention (15–28 May) | Post-intervention (29 May–12 September) | |||
| Comparison (n=354) % (95% CI) | Intervention (n=265) % (95% CI) | Comparison (n=1676) % (95% CI) | Intervention (n=1456) % (95% CI) | |
| Users by beach | ||||
| Nova Mar Bella | – | 19.3 (14.9 to 24.4) | – | 26.5 (24.3 to 28.8) |
| Nova Icària | – | 25.7 (20.8 to 31.3) | – | 25.2 (23 to 27.5) |
| Somorrostro | – | 26.8 (21.8 to 32.4) | – | 23.8 (21.7 to 26) |
| Sant Miquel | – | 28.3 (23.2 to 34) | – | 24.5 (22.4 to 26.8) |
| Llevant | 20.6 (16.7 to 25.2) | – | 21.4 (19.5 to 23.4) | – |
| Mar Bella | 17.5 (13.9 to 21.8) | – | 21.6 (19.7 to 23.6) | – |
| Bogatell | 19.2 (15.4 to 23.7) | – | 21.2 (19.4 to 23.3) | – |
| Barceloneta | 19.8 (16 to 23.25) | – | 16.1 (14.4 to 17.9) | – |
| Sant Sebastià | 22.9 (18.8 to 27.5) | – | 19.8 (17.9 to 21.7) | – |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 16–24 | 16.1 (12.3 to 19.9) | 15.8 (11.4 to 20.3) | 19.5 (17.6 to 21.4) | 18.4 (16.4 to 20.4) |
| 25–34 | 34.2 (29.2 to 39.1) | 41.5 (35.5 to 47.5) | 36.6 (34.3 to 39) | 32.1 (29.7 to 34.5) |
| 35–44 | 24 (19.5 to 28.5) | 22.6 (17.6 to 27.7) | 21.4 (19.4 to 23.4) | 20.2 (18.2 to 22.3) |
| 45–54 | 15.3 (11.5 to 19) | 9.8 (6.2 to 13.4) | 10.4 (8.9 to 11.9) | 12 (10.4 to 13.7) |
| 55–64 | 5.1 (2.8 to 7.4) | 5.7 (2.9 to 8.5) | 6.7 (5.5 to 7.9) | 8.9 (7.5 to 10.4) |
| ≥65 | 5.4 (3.0 to 7.7) | 4.5 (2.0 to 7.0) | 5.3 (4.3 to 6.4) | 8.3 (6.8 to 9.7) |
| Gender | ||||
| Woman | 51.4 (46.2 to 56.6) | 62.3 (56.4 to 68.1) | 55.4 (53 to 57.8) | 59.1 (56.6 to 61.6) |
| Man | 47.7 (42.5 to 53) | 37.7 (31.9 to 43.6) | 42.9 (40.5 to 45.3) | 40.5 (38 to 43) |
| Others | 0.8 (0 to 1.8) | 0 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.3) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Barcelona | 72.3 (67.6 to 77) | 74.3 (69.1 to 79.6) | 49 (46.6 to 51.4) | 53.2 (50.6 to 55.8) |
| Rest of Catalonia | 15.5 (11.8 to 19.3) | 12.5 (8.5 to 16.4) | 16.8 (15 to 18.6) | 14.8 (13 to 16.6) |
| Rest of Spain | 4.5 (2.3 to 6.7) | 1.5 (0.0 to 3.0) | 9.1 (7.8 to 10.5) | 7.3 (6.0 to 8.6) |
| Out of Spain | 7.6 (4.9 to 10.4) | 11.7 (7.8 to 15.6) | 25.1 (23 to 27.2) | 24.7 (22.5 to 26.9) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 64.1 (59.1 to 69.1) | 65.7 (59.9 to 71.4) | 58.3 (55.9 to 60.6) | 71.6 (69.3 to 73.9) |
| Occasional smoker | 16.1 (12.3 to 19.9) | 15.8 (11.4 to 20.3) | 13.4 (11.8 to 15.1) | 10.7 (9.1 to 12.3) |
| Daily smoker | 19.8 (15.6 to 23.9) | 18.5 (13.8 to 23.2) | 28.3 (26.1 to 30.4) | 17.7 (15.7 to 19.6) |
| Socioeconomic status* | ||||
| <0.70 | 14.5 (10.1 to 18.8) | 8.6 (4.7 to 12.6) | 15.1 (12.8 to 17.4) | 9.8 (7.6 to 11.9) |
| 0.70 a 0.90 | 22.3 (17.1 to 27.4) | 25.4 (19.3 to 31.5) | 22.2 (19.5 to 24.8) | 24.1 (21.1 to 27.2) |
| 0.90 a 1.10 | 43.4 (37.3 to 49.5) | 39.1 (32.2 to 45.9) | 39.6 (36.4 to 42.7) | 42.7 (39.2 to 46.3) |
| 1.10 a 1.30 | 10.2 (6.4 to 13.9) | 10.7 (6.3 to 15) | 12.8 (10.6 to 14.9) | 12.3 (9.9 to 14.6) |
| >1.30 | 9.8 (6.1 to 13.4) | 16.2 (11.1 to 21.4) | 10.4 (8.5 to 12.4) | 11.1 (8.8 to 13.3) |
| District of residence in Barcelona | ||||
| Ciutat Vella | 18.4 (13.6 to 23.1) | 17.3 (11.9 to 22.6) | 12.3 (10 to 14.6) | 13.7 (11.3 to 16.2) |
| Eixample | 25.8 (20.4 to 31.2) | 23.4 (17.4 to 29.3) | 18.9 (16.2 to 21.6) | 20.3 (17.4 to 23.2) |
| Sants-Montjuïc | 9 (5.5 to 12.5) | 8.1 (4.3 to 12) | 10.6 (8.4 to 12.7) | 6.5 (4.7 to 8.2) |
| Les Corts | 2.7 (0.7 to 4.7) | 1 (-0.4 to 2.4) | 1.7 (0.8 to 2.6) | 1.8 (0.9 to 2.8) |
| Sarrià-Sant Gervasi | 1.2 (0.2 to 2.5) | 4.6 (1.6 to 7.5) | 2.9 (1.7 to 4) | 1.6 (0.7 to 2.5) |
| Gràcia | 6.3 (3.3 to 9.2) | 10.7 (6.3 to 15) | 8.1 (6.2 to 10) | 5.7 (4.0 to 7.3) |
| Horta-Guinardó | 4.3 (1.8 to 6.8) | 4.6 (1.6 to 7.5) | 5.2 (3.7 to 6.8) | 8.7 (6.7 to 10.7) |
| Nou Barris | 1.6 (0 to 3.1) | 1 (-0.4 to 2.4) | 3.2 (2.0 to 4.5) | 4.1 (2.7 to 5.5) |
| Sant Andreu | 7.8 (4.5 to 11.1) | 5.6 (2.4 to 8.8) | 7.1 (5.3 to 8.9) | 6.9 (5.1 to 8.7) |
| Sant Martí | 23 (17.9 to 28.2) | 23.9 (17.9 to 29.8) | 30.1 (26.9 to 33.2) | 30.7 (27.4 to 34) |
Missing values=1.1%.
*Disposable Income per Capita Index 2019 (Barcelona reference=€122 229) ranging from <0.70 (most deprived) to >1.30 (least deprived)27; only assigned to users living in the city of Barcelona: N Pre (IG: 197; CG: 256); N Post (IG: 758; CG: 805).
CG, comparison group; IG, intervention group.