The associations between ENDS tax structures (rates and bases) and tax incidence (n=52)
| Variables | Tax incidence Wholesale=retail price | Tax incidence Wholesale*115%=retail price | Tax incidence Wholesale*130%=retail price | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Tax rates | 0.23* | 0.22* | 0.2* | 0.19* | 0.18* | 0.17* |
| $ taxes | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) |
| Tax base | ||||||
| Quantity | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Value | −0.07* | −0.15* | −0.07* | −0.15* | −0.07* | −0.15* |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Type | ||||||
| Open | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Closed | −0.08* | −0.18* | −0.08* | −0.17* | −0.07* | −0.17* |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.02) | |
| Value*closed system | – | 0.18* | – | 0.17* | – | 0.17* |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | ||||
| R2 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.99 |
We report SEs clustered at the state/jurisdiction level in parentheses.
*Indicates statistical significance at 1% level.
ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems.