Association between tobacco outlet density and SHS exposure (airborne nicotine and serum cotinine), adjusting for confounders and clustering
| Characteristic | Air nicotine (n=108) | Serum cotinine (n=36) | ||
| β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | |
| Tobacco outlet density | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08) | <0.01 | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.06) | 0.01 |
| Age | −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.12) | 0.53 | −0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25) | 0.11 |
| Caregiver college education | −0.22 (−1.11 to 0.66) | 0.62 | −0.43 (−1.28 to 0.42) | 0.32 |
| Public insurance | −0.12 (−1.78 to 1.53) | 0.88 | −4.71 (−6.31 to 3.10) | <0.01 |
| Caregiver income | ||||
| <$20 000 | – | – | – | – |
| $20 000–$39 999 | −0.24 (−1.17 to 0.69) | 0.62 | 0.01 (−0.80 to 0.83) | 0.98 |
| $40 000 | −1.40 (−3.22 to 0.42) | 0.13 | −5.33 (−6.74 to 3.92) | <0.01 |
| Smokers present | 2.07 (1.16 to 2.99) | <0.01 | 1.77 (0.69 to 2.85) | <0.01 |
| Household occupancy | 0.17 (−0.03 to 0.36) | 0.10 | −0.06 (−0.49 to 0.36) | 0.77 |
| Row home/town home/apartment | 0.26 (−0.69 to 1.21) | 0.59 | −0.38 (−1.79 to 1.04) | 0.60 |
Adjusted tobit regression model used.
SHS, secondhand smoke.