Tax pass-through rates controlling for state-specific year trend
| Cigarette prices at 25% | Cigarette prices at 50% | Cigarette prices at 75% | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Federal and state excise taxes | 1.000*** (<0.001) | 1.010***(<0.001) | 0.997*** (<0.001) | 1.017*** (<0.001) | 1.098*** (<0.001) | 1.096*** (<0.001) |
| Tax*EC uptake | −0.019 (0.778) | −0.042 (0.305) | 0.004 (0.947) | |||
| Tax*nicotine salt evolution | −0.031 (0.506) | 0.020 (0.658) | −0.016 (0.814) | |||
| Pass-through rates | ||||||
| 2006–2011 | – | 1.010*** (<0.001) | – | 1.017*** (<0.001) | – | 1.096*** (<0.001) |
| 2012–2016 | – | 0.991*** (<0.001) | – | 0.976*** (<0.001) | – | 1.100*** (<0.001) |
| 2017 and later | – | 0.960*** (<0.001) | – | 0.995*** (<0.001) | – | 1.084*** (<0.001) |
*P<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†P<0.1.
EC, e-cigarette.