Pass-through rates using the real prices and taxes
| Cigarette prices at 25% | Cigarette prices at 50% | Cigarette prices at 75% | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Federal and state excise taxes | 1.079*** (<0.001) | 1.032*** (<0.001) | 1.073*** (<0.001) | 1.006*** (<0.001) | 1.125***(<0.001) | 1.069*** (<0.001) |
| Tax*EC uptake | 0.043 (0.429) | 0.035 (0.111) | 0.059 (0.278) | |||
| Tax*nicotine salt evolution | 0.022 (0.475) | 0.073*** (0.001) | 0.011 (0.853) | |||
| Pass-through rates | ||||||
| 2006–2011 | – | 1.032*** (<0.001) | – | 1.006*** (<0.001) | – | 1.069*** (<0.001) |
| 2012–2016 | – | 1.074*** (<0.001) | – | 1.041*** (<0.001) | – | 1.128*** (<0.001) |
| 2017 and later | – | 1.096*** (<0.001) | – | 1.114*** (<0.001) | – | 1.139*** (<0.001) |
*P<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†P<0.1.
EC, e-cigarette.