Univariable analysis of factors associated with direct and indirect measures of smoking behaviour at observation sites
| Factors | At least one smoker observed | No smokers observed | Relative risk of at least one smoker being observed | At least one cigarette butt collected | No cigarette butts collected | Relative risk of at least one cigarette butt being collected | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | RR | 95% CI | n (%) | n (%) | RR | 95% CI | |
| Smoking permitted by local authority | ||||||||
| No | 73 (46.2) | 85 (53.8) | Ref | 87 (55.1) | 71 (44.9) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 2.16 | 1.83 to 2.56 | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 1.82 | 1.58 to 2.10 |
| Visible smoke-free signage | ||||||||
| No | 33 (56.9) | 25 (43.1) | Ref | 44 (75.9) | 14 (24.1) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 45 (42.9) | 60 (57.1) | 0.75 | 0.55 to 1.03 | 48 (45.7) | 57 (54.3) | 0.60 | 0.47 to 0.78 |
| Tobacco sold at this site | ||||||||
| No | 73 (46.8) | 83 (53.2) | Ref | 86 (55.1) | 70 (44.9) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | 1.53 | 0.93 to 2.51 | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | 1.56 | 1.11 to 2.17 |
| Tobacco sold anywhere in facility | ||||||||
| No | 61 (46.2) | 71 (53.8) | Ref | 73 (55.3) | 59 (44.7) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 17 (54.8) | 14 (45.2) | 1.19 | 0.78 to 1.81 | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) | 1.16 | 0.71 to 1.87 |
| Tobacco advertised at this site | ||||||||
| No | 69 (47.9) | 75 (52.1) | Ref | 81 (56.3) | 63 (43.8) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | 0.99 | 0.60 to 1.64 | 11 (57.9) | 8 (42.1) | 1.03 | 0.68 to 1.55 |
| Staff observed smoking at this site | ||||||||
| No* | 44.8 (69) | 85 (55.2) | Ref | 84 (54.5) | 70 (45.5) | |||
| Yes* | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | 2.23* | 1.87 to 2.66* | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 1.63 | 1.24 to 2.14 |
*Excludes staff observed smoking.
†Numbers in bold indicate p<0.05.
RR, relative risk.