Elsevier

Preventive Medicine

Volume 27, Issue 6, November 1998, Pages 871-878
Preventive Medicine

Regular Article
Smoking as a Risk Factor for Injury Death: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies,☆☆

https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0374Get rights and content

Abstract

Background.Injury and tobacco effects represent one-quarter of the global burden of disease. Understanding the causes of injury and the effects of smoking may help reduce those burdens. Some smokers have high risks of injury. We provide an initial meta-analysis of cohort associations between smoking and fatal injury.

Methods.Three authors independently searched MEDLINE, and bibliographies of the pertinent studies found, for cigarette smoker-specific injury death data which allowed estimation of an appropriate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Relative risks and dose response were summarized by fixed effects and Poisson modeling, respectively.

Results.Six studies covering 10 pertinent cohorts were located. Associations between smoking and injury death have been significant after adjustment or, in effect, stratification for age, race, sex, country, and, respectively, alcohol, marriage, education, and body mass; job and time period; job, alcohol, and exercise; etc. Summary-dose response trends were significantly positive (P< 0.00005). Cigarette smoking predicted summary injury death crude RRs of 1.61 (CI 1.44–1.81) vs never smokers and 1.39 (CI 1.25–1.55) vs ex-smokers.

Conclusions.Smoking has significant, consistent, dose-response, often strong and independent, prospective associations with injury death, internationally.

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  • Cited by (0)

    We acknowledge the helpful comments of Drs. Ellen Gold and Steven Samuels, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor; the assistance of Kyle Noderer; and financial support from the Departments of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Employee Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis.

    ☆☆

    Supported by University of California, Davis.

    2

    To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at Shields Ave., TB 168, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8638. Fax: (530) 752- 3239. E-mail:[email protected].

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