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Age differences in the spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration in male Wistar and Long–Evans rats

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Abstract

Rationale

Epidemiological evidence suggests that adolescents may exhibit a unique susceptibility to the motivational effects of nicotine compared to adults. In contrast to the hypothesis of an enhanced vulnerability to nicotine during adolescence, we have observed that nicotine is less reinforcing in adolescent compared to adult rats using a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule in an operant self-administration procedure, although prior operant conditioning experience may have masked differences in initial sensitivity to nicotine.

Objectives

This study examined the spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration in adolescent (postnatal day (PD) 31) and adult (PD87) male Wistar and Long–Evans rats.

Materials and methods

Rats self-administered nicotine (0.015 or 0.03 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) during 2-h operant conditioning sessions under fixed-ratio-1 (FR1) and FR3 reinforcement schedules for six sessions each. A subset of rats (adolescents: PD42, adults: PD98) underwent extinction of responding and nicotine priming-induced reinstatement (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.). In a separate group of rats, saccharin self-administration (0.1 ml of 0.2% w/v) was tested to determine the specificity of our findings with nicotine.

Results

A greater proportion of adult compared to adolescent rats acquired self-administration of 0.015 mg/kg/infusion nicotine, but both age groups readily acquired self-administration of 0.03 mg/kg/infusion nicotine and saccharin. Age differences in extinction of responding for nicotine or saccharin depended upon strain, but priming-induced reinstatement was similar across age and strain.

Conclusions

The current findings are consistent with those obtained under a more demanding progressive ratio reinforcement schedule and suggest that adolescents, compared to adults, may not be as sensitive to the reinforcing effects of nicotine.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by CAMH. MJS was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council postgraduate scholarship and a Canadian Institute for Health Research Strategic Training Programme in Tobacco Research fellowship. MJS completed this work at CAMH as part of her doctoral thesis and is currently at DecisionLine Clinical Research Corporation, Toronto, Canada.

Conflict of interest statement

We declare that no financial support or compensation has been received from any individual or corporate entity over the past 2 years for research or professional services, and there are no personal financial holdings that may be perceived as constituting a potential conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, T700, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada

    Megan J. Shram, Zhaoxia Li & Anh D. Lê

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada

    Megan J. Shram & Anh D. Lê

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada

    Anh D. Lê

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  1. Megan J. Shram
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Correspondence to Megan J. Shram.

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Shram, M.J., Li, Z. & Lê, A.D. Age differences in the spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration in male Wistar and Long–Evans rats. Psychopharmacology 197, 45–58 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-1003-9

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