Skip to main content
Log in

Recent Findings on Peer Group Influences on Adolescent Smoking

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
The Journal of Primary Prevention Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This review addresses peer group influences on adolescent smoking with a particular focus on recently published longitudinal studies that have investigated the topic. Specifically, we examine the theoretical explanations for how social influence works with respect to adolescent smoking; discuss the association between peer and adolescent smoking; consider socialization and selection processes with respect to smoking; investigate the relative influence of best friends, close friends, and crowd affiliations; and examine parenting behaviors that could buffer the effects of peer influence. Our review indicates the following with respect to adolescent smoking: (a) substantial peer group homogeneity of smoking behavior; (b) support for both socialization and selection effects, although evidence is somewhat stronger for selection; (c) an interactive influence of best friends, peer groups, and crowd affiliation; and (d) an indirect protective effect of positive parenting practices against the uptake of adolescent smoking. We conclude with implications for research and prevention programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abroms, L., Simons-Morton, B., Haynie, D. L., & Chen, R. S. (2005). Psychosocial predictors of smoking trajectories during middle and high school. Addiction, 100(6), 852–861.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C., Piazza, M., Mekos, D., & Valente, T. (2001). Peers, schools, and adolescent cigarette smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29(1), 22–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aloise-Young, P. A., Graham, J. W., & Hansen, W. B. (1994). Peer influence on smoking initiation during early adolescence: A comparison of group members and group outsiders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(2), 281–287.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, J. A., Tildesley, E., Hops, H., & Li, F. (2002). The influence of peers on young adult substance use. Health Psychology, 21(4), 349–357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (2007). The myth of peer influence in adolescent smoking initiation. Health Education & Behavior, 34(4), 594–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audrain-McGovern, J., Rodriguez, D., Tercyak, K. P., Neuner, G., & Moss, H. B. (2006). The impact of self-control indices on peer smoking and adolescent smoking progression. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(2), 139–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avenevoli, S., & Merikangas, K. R. (2003). Familial influences on adolescent smoking. Addiction, 98(Suppl. 1), 1–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York, NY: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1996). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, K. E., & Ennett, S. T. (1996). On the importance of peer influence for adolescent drug use: Commonly neglected considerations. Addiction, 91(2), 185–198.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F. (2000). Social support, social networks, social cohesion and health. Social Work in Health Care, 31(2), 3–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, A. D. (2004). An overview of the social norms approach. In L. Lederman, L. Stewart, F. Goodhart, & L. Laitman (Eds.), Changing the culture of college drinking: A socially situated prevention campaign (pp. 187–208). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, J. B., Andersen, M. R., Rajan, K. B., Sarason, I. G., & Peterson, A. V. (2007). The role of schoolmates’ smoking and non-smoking in adolescents’ smoking transitions: A longitudinal study. Addiction, 102(10), 1665–1675.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brook, J. S., Pahl, K., & Ning, Y. M. (2006). Peer and parental influences on longitudinal trajectories of smoking among African Americans and Puerto Ricans. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 8(5), 639–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. B. (1989). The role of peer groups in adolescents’ adjustment to secondary school. In T. J. Berndt & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Peer relationships in child development (pp. 188–215). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X. G., Stanton, B., Fang, X. Y., Li, X. M., Lin, D. H., Zhang, J. T., et al. (2006). Perceived smoking norms, socioenvironmental factors, personal attitudes, and adolescent smoking in China: A mediation analysis with longitudinal data. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 359–368.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, H. H., Wiebe, R. P., & Rowe, D. C. (2005). Sources of exposure to smoking and drinking friends among adolescents: A behavioral-genetic evaluation. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166(2), 153–169.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1985). Social support and health. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawkins, R. (1989). The selfish gene. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, H., Candel, M., Engels, R., & Mercken, L. (2006). Challenges to the peer influence paradigm: Results for 12–13 year olds from six European countries from the European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach study. Tobacco Control, 15(2), 83–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, H., Engels, R., Kremers, S., Wetzels, J., & Mudde, A. (2003). Parents’ and friends’ smoking status as predictors of smoking onset: Findings from six European countries. Health Education Research, 18(5), 627–636.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dielman, T. E., Butchart, A. T., & Shope, J. T. (1993). Structural equation model tests of patterns of family interaction, peer alcohol use, and intrapersonal predictors of adolescent alcohol use and misuse. Journal of Drug Education, 23(3), 273–316.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J., & Andrews, D. W. (1995). Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk young adolescents: Immediate and 1-year outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), 538–548.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt, L., Woodruff, S. I., & Edler, J. P. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of adolescent smoking and its correlates. Journal of School Health, 64(2), 67–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, M. E., & Forster, J. L. (2003). Adolescent smoking behavior: Measures of social norms. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(2), 122–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eiser, J. R., Morgan, M., Gammage, P., Brooks, N., & Kirby, R. (1991). Adolescent health behaviour and similarity-attraction: Friends share smoking habits (really), but much else besides. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30(4), 339–348.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellickson, P. L., Bird, C. E., Orlando, M., Klein, D. J., & Mccaffrey, D. E. (2003a). Social context and adolescent health behavior: Does school-level smoking prevalence affect students’ subsequent smoking behavior? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(4), 525–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellickson, P. L., Perlman, M., & Klein, D. J. (2003b). Explaining racial/ethnic differences in smoking during the transition to adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 28(5), 915–931.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engels, R. C., Scholte, R. H., van Lieshout, C. F., de Kemp, R., & Overbeek, G. (2006). Peer group reputation and smoking and alcohol consumption in early adolescence. Addictive Behaviors, 31(3), 440–449.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engels, R. C. M. E., & van der Vorst, H. (2003). The roles of parents in adolescent and peer alcohol consumption. The Netherlands Journal of Sociology, 39(1), 53–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ennett, S. T., & Bauman, K. E. (1994). The contribution of influence and selection to adolescent peer group homogeneity: The case of adolescent cigarette smoking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 653–663.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., & Koch, G. G. (1994). Variability in cigarette smoking within and between adolescent friendship cliques. Addictive Behaviors, 19(3), 295–305.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J. A., Bang, H., & Botvin, G. J. (2007). Which psychosocial factors moderate or directly affect substance use among inner-city adolescents? Addictive Behaviors, 32(4), 700–713.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J. A., Griffin, K. W., & Botvin, G. J. (2000). A model of smoking among inner-city adolescents: The role of personal competence and perceived social benefits of smoking. Preventive Medicine, 31(2), 107–114.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. D., Powers, A., Hersey, J., & Renaud, J. (2006). The influence of social environment and social image on adolescent smoking. Health Psychology, 25(1), 26–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forgas, J. P., & Williams, K. D. (2001). Social influence: Direct and indirect processes. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forrester, K., Biglan, A., Severson, H. H., & Smolkowski, K. (2007). Predictors of smoking onset over two years. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(12), 1259–1267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, P. C. (2003). Relationships in adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 257–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, K. W., Botvin, G. J., Doyle, M. M., Diaz, T., & Epstein, J. A. (1999). A six-year follow-up study of determinants of heavy cigarette smoking among high-school seniors. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22(3), 271–284.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gritz, E. R., Prokhorov, A. V., Hudmon, K. S., Jones, M. M., Rosenblum, C., Chang, C. C., et al. (2003). Predictors of susceptibility to smoking and ever smoking: A longitudinal study in a triethnic sample of adolescents. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5(4), 493–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haegerich, T. M., & Tolan, P. H. (2008). Core competencies and the prevention of adolescent substance use. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 122, 47–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. A., & Valente, T. W. (2007). Adolescent smoking networks: The effects of influence and selection on future smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 32(12), 3054–3059.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, G., & Saren, M. (2003). The critical contribution of social marketing: Theory and application. Marketing Theory, 3(3), 305–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, D. B., Schoeny, M. E., Deptula, D. P., & Slavick, J. T. (2007). Peer selection and socialization effects on adolescent intercourse without a condom and attitudes about the costs of sex. Child Development, 78(3), 825–838.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, B. R., Monge, P. R., Chou, C. P., & Valente, T. W. (2007). Perceived peer influence and peer selection on adolescent smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 32(8), 1546–1554.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hussong, A. M. (2002). Differentiating peer contexts and risk for adolescent substance use. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 31(3), 207–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iannotti, R. J., Bush, P. J., & Weinfurt, K. P. (1996). Perception of friends’ use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana among urban schoolchildren: A longitudinal analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 21(5), 615–632.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2007). Monitoring the future: National survey results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2006. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kameda, T., Takezawa, M., & Hastie, R. (2005). Where do social norms come from? The example of communal sharing. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 331–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D. B. (1978). Similarity in real-life adolescent friendship pairs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(3), 306–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1985). Self-interest, science, and cynicism. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 26–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirke, D. M. (2004). Chain reactions in adolescents’ cigarette, alcohol, and drug use: Similarity through peer influence or the patterning of ties in peer networks. Social Networks, 26(1), 3–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobus, K. (2003). Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction, 98(Suppl. 1), 37–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Greca, A. M., Prinstein, M. J., & Fetter, M. D. (2001). Adolescent peer crowd affiliation: Linkages with health-risk behaviors and close friendships. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26(3), 131–143.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, N. I., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., & Story, M. (2007). Family meals during adolescence are associated with higher diet quality and healthful meal patterns during young adulthood. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(9), 1502–1510.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leatherdale, S. T., Cameron, R., Brown, K. S., Jolin, M. A., & Kroeker, C. (2006). The influence of friends, family, and older peers on smoking among elementary school students: Low-risk students in high-risk schools. Preventive Medicine, 42(3), 218–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Livaudais, J. C., Napoles-Springer, A., Stewart, S., & Kaplan, C. P. (2007). Understanding Latino adolescent risk behaviors: Parental and peer influences. Ethnicity and Disease, 17(2), 298–304.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, L., & Lloyd, B. (1999). Starting smoking: girls’ explanations of the influence of peers. Journal of Adolescence, 22(5), 647–655.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, K. A. (2002). Friends: The role of peer influence across adolescent risk behaviors. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 31(4), 267–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, S. E., Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Kloska, D. D. (2005). Selection and socialization effects of fraternities and sororities on U.S. college student substance use: A multi-cohort national longitudinal study. Addiction, 100(4), 512–524.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercken, L., Candel, M., Willems, P., & De Vries, H. (2007). Disentangling social selection and social influence effects on adolescent smoking: The importance of reciprocity in friendships. Addiction, 102(9), 1483–1492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michell, L. (1997). Loud, sad, or bad: Young people’s perceptions of peer groups and smoking. Health Education Research, 12(1), 1–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michell, L., & Amos, A. (1997). Girls, pecking order, and smoking. Social Science and Medicine, 44(12), 1861–1869.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. T., Monin, B., & Prentice, D. A. (2000). Pluralistic ignorance and inconsistency between private attitudes and public behaviors. In D. J. Terry & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Attitudes, behavior, and social context: The role of norms and group membership (pp. 95–114). Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mounts, N. S., & Steinberg, L. (1995). An ecological analysis of peer influence on adolescent grade-point average and drug-use. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 915–922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nichter, M., Nichter, M., Vuckovic, N., Quintero, G., & Ritenbaugh, C. (1997). Smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescent girls: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Tobacco Control, 6(4), 285–295.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Loughlin, J., Paradis, G., Renaud, L., & Gomez, L. S. (1998). One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods. Tobacco Control, 7(3), 268–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oetting, E. R., & Donnermeyer, J. F. (1998). Primary socialization theory: The etiology of drug use and deviance. I. Substance Use & Misuse, 33(4), 995–1026.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, J. P., & Gilpin, E. A. (1995). A historical-analysis of tobacco marketing and the uptake of smoking by youth in the United States: 1890–1977. Health Psychology, 14(6), 500–508.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plickert, G., Cote, R. R., & Wellman, B. (2007). It’s not who you know, it’s how you know them: Who exchanges what with whom? Social Networks, 29(3), 405–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, L. A., Dalton, W. T., & Nicholson, L. M. (2006a). Changes in adolescents’ sources of cigarettes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(6), 861–867.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, L. A., Murray, D. M., Alfano, C. M., Zbikowski, S. M., Blitstein, J. L., & Klesges, R. C. (2006b). Ethnic differences in predictors of adolescent smoking onset and escalation: A longitudinal study from 7th to 12th grade. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 8(2), 297–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, D., Romer, D., & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2007). Beliefs about the risks of smoking mediate the relationship between exposure to smoking and smoking. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(1), 106–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, P. E., Pattison, P. E., Hill, D. J., & Borland, R. (2003). Youth culture and smoking: Integrating social group processes and individual cognitive processes in a model of health-related behaviours. Journal of Health Psychology, 8(3), 291–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis: A handbook. London, UK: Saga Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B. G. (2002). Prospective analysis of peer and parent influences on smoking initiation among early adolescents. Prevention Science, 3(4), 275–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B. G. (2004). The protective effect of parental expectations against early adolescent smoking initiation. Health Education Research, 19(5), 561–569.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B. (2007). Social influences adolescent substance use. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(6), 672–684.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B., & Chen, R. (2005). Latent growth curve analyses of parent influences on drinking progression among early adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66(1), 5–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B., & Chen, R. S. (2006). Over time relationships between early adolescent and peer substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 31(7), 1211–1223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B., Chen, R., Abroms, L., & Haynie, D. L. (2004). Latent growth curve analyses of peer and parent influences on smoking progression among early adolescents. Health Psychology, 23(6), 612–621.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B., & Haynie, D. (2003a). Growing up drug free: A developmental challenge. In M. H. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. L. M. Keyes, K. A. Moore, & Center for Child Well-being (Eds.), Well-being: Positive development across the life course (pp. 109–122). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B. G., & Haynie, D. L. (2003b). Psychosocial predictors of increased smoking stage among sixth graders. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(6), 592–602.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons-Morton, B., Haynie, D. L., Crump, A. D., Eitel, P., & Saylor, K. E. (2001). Peer and parent influences on smoking and drinking among early adolescents. Health Education & Behavior, 28(1), 95–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smet, B., Maes, L., De Clercq, L., Haryanti, K., & Winarno, R. D. (1999). Determinants of smoking behaviour among adolescents in Semarang, Indonesia. Tobacco Control, 8(2), 186–191.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spijkerman, R., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2005). Self-comparison processes, prototypes, and smoking onset among early adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 40(6), 785–794.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton, W. R., Lowe, J. B., & Gillespie, A. M. (1996). Adolescents’ experiences of smoking cessation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 43(1–2), 63–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1531–1543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ter Bogt, T. F. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Dubas, J. S. (2006). Party people: Personality and MDMA use of house party visitors. Addictive Behaviors, 31(7), 1240–1244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (2000). Attitudes, behaviors, and social context: The role of norms and group membership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry, D. J., Hogg, M. A., & White, K. M. (2000). Attitude-behavior relations: Social identity and group membership. In D. J. Terry & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Attitudes, behavior, and social context: The role of norms and group membership (pp. 67–94). Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. S., Klein, D. J., & Elliott, M. N. (2004). Social control of health behaviors: A comparison of young, middle-aged, and older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 59(4), 147–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. S., Martinez, J. F., Ellickson, P. L., & Edelen, M. O. (2008). Temporal associations of cigarette smoking with social influences, academic performance, and delinquency: A four-wave longitudinal study from ages 13 to 23. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(1), 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tyas, S. L., & Pederson, L. L. (1998). Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: A critical review of the literature. Tobacco Control, 7(4), 409–420.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urberg, K. A., Degirmencioglu, S. M., & Pilgrim, C. (1997). Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Developmental Psychology, 33(5), 834–844.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urberg, K. A., Degirmencioglu, S. M., & Tolson, J. M. (1998). Adolescent friendship selection and termination: The role of similarity. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 15(5), 703–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urberg, K. A., Luo, Q., Pilgrim, C., & Degirmencioglu, S. M. (2003). A two-stage model of peer influence in adolescent substance use: Individual and relationship-specific differences in susceptibility to influence. Addictive Behaviors, 28(7), 1243–1256.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urberg, K. A., Shyu, S. J., & Liang, J. (1990). Peer influence in adolescent cigarette-smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 15(3), 247–255.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy people 2010: Understanding and improving health. Washington, D.C.: Government printing office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valente, T. W. (1995). Network models of the diffusion of innovations. Cresskill, NH: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valente, T. W., Gallaher, P., & Mouttapa, M. (2004). Using social networks to understand and prevent substance use: A transdisciplinary perspective. Substance Use & Misuse, 39(10–12), 1685–1712.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verkooijen, K. T., de Vries, N. K., & Nielsen, G. A. (2007). Youth crowds and substance use: The impact of perceived group norm and multiple group identification. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(1), 55–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vitaro, F., Wanner, B., Brendgen, M., Gosselin, C., & Gendreau, P. L. (2004). Differential contribution of parents and friends to smoking trajectories during adolescence. Addictive Behaviors, 29(4), 831–835.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, C. M., Freeman, L. C., & Aufdemberg, C. G. (2001). The impact of social context on interaction patterns. Journal of Social Structure, 2, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. R., Violette, N. M., Metzger, L., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Adolescent risk factors for late-onset smoking among African American young men. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(1), 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, P. (2003). An ecological approach to understanding youth smoking trajectories: Problems and prospects. Addiction, 98(Suppl. 1), 57–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., & Cleary, S. D. (1999). Peer and adolescent substance use among 6th–9th graders: Latent growth analyses of influence versus selection mechanisms. Health Psychology, 18(5), 453–463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Resko, J. A., Ainette, M. G., & Mendoza, D. (2004). Role of parent support and peer support in adolescent substance use: A test of mediated effects. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 122–134.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by the intramural research program of the NIH, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tilda Farhat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Simons-Morton, B.G., Farhat, T. Recent Findings on Peer Group Influences on Adolescent Smoking. J Primary Prevent 31, 191–208 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-010-0220-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-010-0220-x

Keywords

Navigation