Long-term effects of inhaled nicotine
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Cited by (101)
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2021, Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery ProductsThe Evolving Landscape of e-Cigarettes: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence
2020, ChestCitation Excerpt :Schaal et al185 found increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, increased spheroid formation, increased wound healing, proliferation, and increased Sox2 expression in NSCLC cells; Tommasi et al186 found a similar downregulation of tumor suppressor genes in oral cells of both e-cigarette users and smokers. Previous animal studies into the effects of nicotine on cancer development found no evidence of tumorogenicity187-189; however, the delivery methods used did not involve inhalation of heated nicotine, and existing e-cigarette animal studies were too acute for tumorigenicity studies. Dodmane et al190 found that nicotine ingestion caused changes that could lead to bladder cancer, and Fuller et al43 found bladder carcinogenic compounds were increased in the urine of e-cigarette users vs healthy control subjects (many were ex-smokers).
Nicotine upregulates FGFR3 and RB1 expression and promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via downregulation of miR-99b and miR-192
2018, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyCitation Excerpt :These carcinogens are able to initiate and promote tumorigenesis, primarily via formation of DNA adducts and generation of reactive oxygen species resulting in mutations of vital genes such as p53, KRAS and Rb [3–5]. Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco smoke, cannot initiate tumorigenesis in humans and rodents [6]. However, there is growing evidence that nicotine can promote the growth and metastasis of various tumors, including lung cancer, via the inducement of cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [7–9].
Toxicity of the main electronic cigarette components, propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine, in Sprague-Dawley rats in a 90-day OECD inhalation study complemented by molecular endpoints
2017, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :A sub-chronic 90-day nose-only inhalation study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to 0.03, 0.16 and 0.66 mg/L glycerin revealed no treatment-related toxicity other than minimal metaplasia of the epithelium lining at the base of the epiglottis in rats exposed to 0.66 mg/L glycerin (Renne et al., 1992). Compared with cigarette smoke, the inhalation toxicity of nicotine-containing aerosols and vapors has been investigated only sparsely (Phillips et al., 2015; Salturk et al., 2015; Waldum et al., 1996; Werley et al., 2014, 2016). In one study, Chowdhury et al. exposed male SD rats to aerosols of nebulized saline or nicotine dissolved in saline twice daily for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min for 21 days.