Relationship of psychosocial factors to smoking behavior change in an intervention program

doi:10.1016/0091-7435(82)90002-0

Preventive Medicine

Volume 11, Issue 1, January 1982, Pages 13-28

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(82)90002-0 Get rights and content

Abstract

The relationship of stress and the “psychosocial assets” of adjustment, belief in personal control, and social support to the modification of smoking behavior was studied in a sample of 169 male smokers, aged 35 to 57, enrolled in a heart attack prevention program. Smokers were categorized as Continuing Successes, Recidivists, or Nonstoppers, depending on whether they stopped smoking and maintained cessation, stopped smoking and relapsed, or never stopped during the initial intervention phase. The participants were followed for 2 years. Variations in the following factors were used to significantly discriminate among the groups of smokers: stress, security, social support, number of cigarettes smoked at baseline and when smoking heaviest, and measures of belief in personal control. Discriminant function analysis demonstrated that the likelihood of being a Continuing Success is increased when there are, in combination (in decreasing order of importance): a high expectation of success; few cigarettes smoked upon entry into the program; low stress; ease of prior cessation attempts; a long period of prior abstinence; and a high degree of personal security. The results suggest that it is possible to predict which participants in a smoking control program will have problems with cessation and maintenance of cessation; and that smoking control programs can target intervention toward specific individual needs.

References (31)

D.A. Bernstein et al.
The modification of smoking behavior: Progress and problems
Addict. Behav.
(1976)
R.A. Eisinger
Psychosocial predictor of smoking behavior change
Soc. Sci. Med.
(1972)
T.H. Holmes et al.
The social readjustment rating scale
J. Psychosom. Res.
(1967)
G. Hughes et al.
The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). V. Intervention on smoking
Prev. Med.
(1981)
J.J. Lindenthal et al.
Smoking, psychological status and stress
Soc. Sci. Med.
(1972)
J.K. Ockene et al.
A psycho-social model for smoking cessation and maintenance of cessation
Prev. Med.
(1981)
B.C. Straits
The discontinuation of smoking: A multiple discriminant analysis
A. Bandura
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change
Psychol. Rev.
(1973)
R.C. Benfari et al.
The use of thiocyanate determination for indication of cigarette smoking status
Eval. Q.
(1977)
J. Cohen
A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales
Educ. Psychol. Meas.
(1960)

A.B. Hollingshead

Two Factor Index of Social Position

(1957)

M.J. Horowitz et al.

Life events questionnaires for measuring presumptive stress

Psychosom. Med.

(1977)

W.A. Hunt et al.

An evaluation of current methods of modifying smoking behavior

J. Clin. Psychol.

(1973)

M.A. Jacobs et al.

Relationship of oral frustration factors with heavy cigarette smoking in males

J. Nerv. Ment. Dis.

(1965)

W.R. Klecka

Discriminant analysis

Cited by (98)

Genes Related to Vascular Disease (APOE, VLDL-R, DCP-1) and Other Vascular Factors in Late-Life Depression
2004, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Citation Excerpt :
Smoking has been repeatedly found in previous studies7,52 to be associated with depression. Some have postulated a familial common etiology for smoking and depression.7,53 Our results suggest that, should a familial etiology exist for smoking and/or depression, this is unlikely to be mediated by loci such as APOE, VLDL-R, and/or DCP-1, at least at the polymorphisms studied.
The authors asked whether polymorphic variation at three genes related to vascular disease, and other vascular disease risk factors, determine late-life depression.
A group of 370 participants, representing 57% of survivors of an initial cohort of 1,083 participants in the Medical Research Council treatment trial of hypertension in older adults, had been screened for depression at baseline and were traced and genotyped for genetic analysis 11 years later. Genetic analyses were performed to establish variability at three polymorphisms related to vascular disease: APOE encoding for apolipoprotein-E, VLDL-R encoding for the VLDL cholesterol-receptor, and DCP-1 encoding for angiotensin-converter enzyme. Information on vascular disease and its risk factors (ECG ischemia or arrhythmia, body mass index, serum cholesterol, smoking status, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure) and cognitive functioning was also available from baseline.
The authors found no association between the three studied polymorphisms and depression. Female gender, higher diastolic blood pressure, poorer cognitive functioning, and smoking status at baseline were all associated with depression independently of antidepressant and NSAIDs use, age, ECG-established vascular disease, and the remaining vascular disease risk factors studied.
This study found no association between late-life depression and three polymorphisms related to vascular disease. Depression was found to independently associated with smoking, female gender, poorer cognitive functioning, and higher diastolic blood pressure. Taken together, this study does not seem to support the notion of a specific link between the studied vascular risk factors or these vascular-related loci and late-life depression.
Smoking cessation interventions in cardiovascular patients
2003, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Objectives. To review current evidence for the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in cardiovascular patient populations.
Design and materials. Studies were obtained from systematic reviews of the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Review Group. Twelve Cochrane reviews related to secondary prevention in a variety of populations were used to extract eligible studies. Studies were eligible when they considered smokers diagnosed with symptomatic cardiovascular disease.
Methods. Data concerning the comparison between the intervention of interest and a placebo or standard treatment group were derived from eligible papers. Based on these data, Absolute Risk Reduction figures were calculated to express the effectiveness of each intervention on smoking cessation.
Results. We found 12 studies examining smoking cessation interventions in cardiovascular patients. Five studies reported significant results. No evidence was found for Nicotine Replacement Therapy or other pharmacology to be effective, neither for self-help materials, group, individual or telephone counseling. There is limited evidence for physician's advice and nurse-delivered interventions to be effective.
Conclusions. Smoking cessation studies in cardiovascular patients are scarce. The available studies show very limited effects. The reasons for the lack of success of smoking cessation strategies in these patients remain unclear. Further research is needed to find effective cessation strategies for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Eight-year follow-up of a community-based large group behavioral smoking cessation intervention
2000, Addictive Behaviors
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a large group community-based behavioral smoking cessation intervention over an 8-year follow-up period and to determine precessation predictors of cessation at each follow-up time. Research Approach: Behavioral intervention followed by three longitudinal follow-up interviews. Setting: Regional Outpatient Cancer Centre. Study Participants: 971 participants in smoking cessation clinics held between 1986 and 1990. Intervention: Eight 90-minute sessions over 4 months utilizing education, self-monitoring, nicotine fading, a group quit date and behavioral modification techniques. Up to 110 smokers participated in each group program. Main Outcome Measures: Cessation rates at 3, 6, and 12 months postquit and at 8-year follow-up. Differences between successful and unsuccessful participants in precessation demographic, smoking history, and smoking behavior variables. Results: At 3 months postquit date, 39.3% of the 971 participants reported that they were not smoking, decreasing to 32.1% at 6 months and 26.0% at 12 months. At the 8-year follow-up, 33.9% of the original sample were contacted, and of those, 47.7% reported that they were currently not smoking. There were nine predictors of cessation at the end of the program (3 months), which were similar to those previously reported in the literature. Similarly, at 6 and 12 months, six factors were associated with not smoking. At the 9-year follow-up the only variable predictive of continued abstinence was being female (p < .05). Conclusions: This program was successful in promoting smoking cessation and maintenance, even with its large-group format. Predictive factors were similar to those previously reported in the literature.
Factors influencing smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease
1997, Patient Education and Counseling
The purpose of this paper is to review the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics suggested as being predictors of difficulty with smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease. These characteristics include age, gender, socioeconomic status, social support, intensity of smoking, severity of coronary artery disease, anxiety, depression, hostility/anger/aggression, and health locus of control. In addition, nicotine addiction is discussed as a factor which may further compound this problem. Consideration of these factors in relation to the patient with coronary artery disease may assist in the delivery of an optimal and individualized intervention program to facilitate sustained smoking cessation. A brief overview of intervention strategies is provided.
Socio-cultural, personal, and environmental relationship with smoking behavior of students in senior high school at Plimbang Aceh
2023, Journal of Public Health in Africa
The social networks of smokers attempting to quit: An empirically derived and validated classification
2018, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

General articleRelationship of psychosocial factors to smoking behavior change in an intervention program

Abstract

Addict. Behav.

Soc. Sci. Med.

J. Psychosom. Res.

Prev. Med.

Soc. Sci. Med.

Prev. Med.

Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change

Psychol. Rev.

The use of thiocyanate determination for indication of cigarette smoking status

Eval. Q.

A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales

Educ. Psychol. Meas.