Affective and social influences approaches to the prevention of multiple substance abuse among seventh grade students: Results from project SMART

doi:10.1016/0091-7435(88)90059-X

Preventive Medicine

Volume 17, Issue 2, March 1988, Pages 135-154

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(88)90059-X Get rights and content

Abstract

Two drug abuse prevention curricula were tested to determine their efficacy in preventing the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents. The first program focused on prevention through social pressure resistance training. The second featured affective education approaches to prevention. Curricula were tested on seventh grade students. Subjects were pretested just prior to the program and were post-tested at 12 and 24 months. Post-test analyses indicated that the social program delivered to seventh grade subjects was effective in delaying the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. No preventive effect of the affective education program was observed. By the final post-test, classrooms that had received the affective program had significantly more drug use than controls.

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Citation Excerpt :
A number of theory-based behavioral prevention programs have been devised and evaluated through randomized controlled trials (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2003a; Thomas & Perera, 2006; US Department of Education, 2001; US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Typical examples of these programs include “Life Skills Training” (LST) (Botvin, Baker, Dusenbury, Botvin, & Diaz, 1995; Zollinger et al., 2003), Midwestern Prevention Project (MPP) (Pentz et al., 1989), “Project Towards No Tobacco Use” (TNT) (Dent et al., 1995; Sussman et al., 1993), “Know Your Body” (KYB) (Walter, 1989), “The Tobacco and Alcohol Prevention Project” (TAPP) (Hansen, Johnson, Flay, Graham, & Sobel, 1988), “Class of 1989 Study of the Minnesota Heart Health Program” (MHHP) (Perry, Kelder, Murray, & Klepp, 1992) and “Project Adolescent Learning Experience in Resistance Training” (ALERT) (Ellickson, Bell, & McGuigan, 1993), to name a few. A review of 94 randomized trials to assess various smoking prevention programs indicated the efficacy of behavioral interventions in delaying and preventing smoking initiation among children (aged 5–12) and adolescents (12–18) in the US (Thomas & Perera, 2006).
Smoking remains prevalent among US youth despite decades of antismoking efforts. Effects from exposure to prevention programs at national level may provide informative and compelling data supporting better planning and strategy for tobacco control.
A national representative sample of youth 12–17 years of age from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health was analyzed. A 3-stage model was devised to estimate smoking behavior transitions using cross-sectional data and the Probabilistic Discrete Event System method. Cigarette smoking measures (prevalence rates and odds ratios) were compared between exposed and non-exposed youth.
More than 95% of the sample was exposed to prevention programs. Exposure was negatively associated with lifetime smoking and past 30-day smoking with a dose–response relation. Reduction in smoking was related to increased quitting in 2000–02, to increased quitting and declined initiation in 2003–05, and to initiation, quitting and relapse in 2005–08.
Findings of this analysis suggest that intervention programs in the United States can reduce cigarette smoking among youth. Quitting smoking was most responsive to program exposure and relapse was most sensitive to funding cuts since 2003. Health policy and decision makers should consider these factors in planning and revising tobacco control strategies.
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^☆: Supported by Grant 1-R18-DA030496 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

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General articleAffective and social influences approaches to the prevention of multiple substance abuse among seventh grade students: Results from project SMART☆

Abstract

Prev. Med.

Prev. Med.

Prev. Med.

Prev. Med.

Preventive strategies in the treatment of alcohol abuse: A review and a proposal

The Minnesota Smoking Prevention Program: A seventh-grade health curriculum supplement

J. School Health

Substance abuse prevention research: Recent developments and future directions

J. School Health

A comprehensive school-based smoking prevention program

J. School Health

Project DARE: Teaching kids to say “no” to drugs and alcohol

NIJ Rep.

Increasing the validity of self-reports of behavior in a smoking-in-children investigation

J. Appl. Psychol.

Deterring the onset of smoking in children: Knowledge of immediate physiological effects and coping with peer pressure, media pressure, and parent modeling

J. Appl. Soc. Psychol.

Psychosocial approaches to smoking prevention: A review of findings

Health Psychol.

Cigarette smoking: Why young people do it and ways of preventing it

An evaluation of two school-based alcohol education programs

J. Studies Alcohol

Group comparability: A multiattribute utility measurement approach to the use of random assignment with small numbers of aggregated units

Eval. Rev.

Reliability of self-report measures of drug use in prevention research: Evaluation of the Project SMART questionnaire via the test-retest reliability matrix

J. Drug Educ.

Attrition in prevention research

J. Behav. Med.

Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies in Opinion Change

Prevention of cigarette smoking in seventh grade students

J. Behav. Med.

Decision Making

Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: A Longitudinal Study of Youth

The prevention of cigarette smoking in children: A comparison of four strategies

J. Appl. Soc. Psychol.

General article
Affective and social influences approaches to the prevention of multiple substance abuse among seventh grade students: Results from project SMART☆