Effect of smoking characteristics on cognitive dissonance in current and former smokers
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Predictors of noticing stroke educational campaign
2014, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :According to this theory, if people experience a conflict between attitudes (eg, smoking is harmful) and behavior (eg, smoking), they change their attitudes rather than their behavior. Several studies showed that smokers would rather adopt a more positive attitude toward smoking (ie, smokers underestimate smoking-related health risks) than change their behavior (ie, stop smoking).26-32 The underestimation of risks because of smoking was documented in one study in which a significantly smaller proportion of current smokers (16%) than nonsmokers (35%) or former smokers (38%) believe that smoking causes stroke.33
The payment dilemma in movie and music downloads: An explanation through cognitive dissonance theory
2013, Computers in Human BehaviorCitation Excerpt :After several decades of anti-smoking campaigns, it seems impossible that there are still uninformed smokers. The most common explanation for the smokers’ persistent, self-destructive behavior relies on cognitive dissonance theory (e.g., Halpern, 1994; McMaster & Lee, 1991), which holds that smokers will come up with favorable arguments for tobacco use in order to reduce the psychological tension resulting from the absurd inconsistency of continuing to smoke while being aware of cigarettes’ harmful effects. This study proposes using that same theory to explain why unpaid downloading is still prevalent even after numerous anti-piracy campaigns.
What mediates the effect of confrontational counselling on smoking cessation in smokers with COPD?
2009, Patient Education and CounselingAdolescents' rationalizations to continue smoking: The role of disengagement beliefs and nicotine dependence in smoking cessation
2009, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :Thus, smoking continuation among adolescents can, at least in part, be explained by the magnitude of nicotine dependence. In addition, studies among adults found that heavier and more dependent smokers displayed more cognitive dissonance in the form of minimizing, denying, or avoiding information about the dangers of smoking (Halpern, 1994). Since adolescents are reported to be well informed about the relation between smoking and health problems (Tewolde et al., 2006), it seems plausible that, besides experiencing physical and psychological dependence symptoms, adolescent smokers experience a fairly constant threat, knowing that smoking makes them susceptible to possible health damage and other negative consequences.
Depressive symptoms and smokers' perceptions of lung cancer risk: Moderating effects of tobacco dependence
2009, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :In this college-age sample, results are consistent with these smokers thinking “I don't need to quit right away because after I quit, my risk will return to that of a non-smoker's in a fairly short period of time.” Although it may be true that in this college-age sample their shorter smoking histories point to a faster and complete reversal of their increased risk if they were to quit soon, their beliefs about the reversal of risk could also indicate the presence of dissonance-reducing strategies that delay attempting to quit (Halpern, 1994). Depressed dependent smokers may feel that smoking helps them cope or manage feelings of depression, and in combination with beliefs that their risk would be quickly eliminated in a relatively short period of time after quitting, this allows them to continue their habit without feeling concern about their habit.