Elsevier

Behavior Therapy

Volume 14, Issue 3, June 1983, Pages 386-397
Behavior Therapy

Controlled smoking, with or without carbon monoxide feedback, as an alternative for chronic smokers

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(83)80101-4Get rights and content

Sixty chronic cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: controlled smoking, controlled smoking plus weekly carbon monoxide feedback, or delayed treatment control. The controlled smoking treatments lasted 5 weeks and sequentially focused on making 50% reductions in nicotine content of brand smoked, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and percentage of each cigarette smoked. Self-monitoring records indicated that subjects in the two controlled smoking conditions were successful in making reductions in each of the target behaviors and that the timing of these changes immediately followed the initiation of treatment within the multiple baseline across behaviors design. There were few differences between the two treatment conditions, and both treatments produced greater change than the control condition on all targeted behaviors. Carbon monoxide levels were also reduced significantly more in the treatment conditions than in the control condition. The carbon monoxide, as well as smoking behavior, reductions were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. The results suggest that controlled smoking can be successfully implemented in a group context with long-term, heavy smokers and that carbon monoxide feedback, at least as implemented in the present study, is not essential to treatment success.

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