Review articleReduction of primary and secondary smoke exposure for low-income black pregnant women
Section snippets
Tobacco control
Clinical practice guidelines for tobacco control include screening for tobacco use, providing advice to quit, doing brief office based counseling, recommending pharmacotherapies, referring women to more intensive programs, and monitoring progress [28], [29]. Tobacco control programs for pregnant women have been structured in a variety of ways [21] that include brief intervention as part of routine prenatal care [30], [32], group programs for pregnant women [31], multiple component programs [32]
Methods
A two-group longitudinal, randomized controlled study was conducted. Data were collected prospectively at three times: at intake, at 2 weeks postintervention, and during the last month of pregnancy.
Sample description
The study sample consisted of 74 black women whose mean age was 24, and at intake, whose mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was eight (Table 1). These women began smoking as teenagers and, on average, there were two other smokers in the household. The mean educational level was grade 11, and 84% of the sample reported their annual household income as less than $15,000. Treatment and control group women were not statistically significantly different on the demographic variables.
Hypothesis 1
The first
Discussion
SSF was designed to improve pregnant women's efforts to change their lifestyles and to reduce their exposure to tobacco smoke. The effectiveness of SFF was evaluated with a sample of urban black pregnant women who had very limited financial resources; who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day prior to being pregnant, but on average, smoked 8 cigarettes per day when they entered the study; and who lived in households with other smokers. Findings indicated that there were no significant
Recommendations
The findings from this study and others indicate that we have much to discover about the nuances of tobacco control lifestyle changes for economically disadvantaged, pregnant black women and their families. If we are to make progress in achieving the Healthy People 2010 targets, we need to continue research with pregnant women of varied life circumstances. Future research needs to done with women before they become pregnant, or very early in pregnancy, to improve our understanding of early
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from the American Lung Association of Wisconsin and NIH # R15 NR04213-01. The author thanks Dr. Roger Brown for his assistance with data analysis.
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